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A House of Industry was established in Dublin by an act of parliament in 1703 for the removal from the streets of objectionable objects such as the destitute and vagabonds. It was located at the present site of St. James's Hospital, James's Street, and included of land. The upkeep of this institution was paid for through taxes levied on sedan chairs, hackney coaches and a property tax applied throughout the city.〔Burke, Helen, ''The People and the Poor Law in 19th Century Ireland'' (Littlehampton, 1987), pp 9-10.〕 In 1729 the House of Industry became a foundling hospital.〔Tighe, Joan, 'Mendicity' in ''Dublin Historical Record'', vol. 20, no. 3/4 (Jun. - Sep., 1965), p.103〕 Another House of Industry was founded in 1773 in Channel Row, modern-day North Brunswick Street, on the north side of the city.〔Reynolds, Joseph, ‘’Grangegorman: Psychiatric Care in Dublin since 1815’’ (Dublin, 1992), p. 5.〕 In 1796 it accommodated more than 1,700 people. Following an Act of the Irish Parliament, responsibility for its management was assumed by seven 'governors', elected annually by, and out of, the members of Dublin Corporation. At about this time, a number of mechanical innovations by Benjamin Thompson were incorporated into the building for improved ventilation, cooking and heating.
This building was later used as a foundling hospital following the construction of a new adjacent poorhouse. Described as 'the Dublin Poor House', it was visited by the French political theorist, Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835, during his investigative tour of Ireland. Tocqueville described the conditions of the inmates there as 'the most hideous and disgusting aspect of destitution'. The food provided was soup rendered from left-overs collected in a wheelbarrow from the wealthy. With the passage of the Irish Poor Law in 1838, the House of Industry on James's Street became the South Dublin Union and the one on Channel Row became the North Dublin Union.〔Burke, Helen, The People and the Poor Law in 19th Century Ireland (Littlehampton, 1987), p. 10.〕 〔(The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 Jul. 2009 )〕 ==See also== *Irish Poor Laws *Mendicity Institution 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「House of Industry (Dublin)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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